Ese ibyuma bikingira bishobora kunoza imikorere y’ingufu zigezweho kandi zishobora kongera ingufu?
1. Uburyo butaziguye bwo kunoza imikorere
Kugabanya igihombo cy'ingufu: Ubwiza bwo hejuru Ibikoresho bikingira ubwirinzi kugabanya ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ingufu binyuze mu gushushanya imiterere idakomeye kandi ikanashyirwa mu buryo bwizewe, bityo bigabanye ubushyuhe bugabanuka (Joule heating) aho ihuzwa. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane mu kongera imikorere myiza mu migozi y’imirasire y’izuba ifite ingufu nke, cyangwa sisitemu zo kubika ingufu.
Kohereza Ibimenyetso Bihamye: Muri sisitemu zigezweho (nk'ibipima n'amakuru akoreshwa mu itumanaho), ibyuma bikingira imiyoboro y'ibimenyetso bifite ingufu nkeya ntibigire ingaruka mbi ku mikorere y'amashanyarazi, bikanatuma amakuru atangwa neza kandi bikarinda ko sisitemu igenzura neza igabanuka bitewe n'amakosa y'ibimenyetso.
2. Kugenzura umutekano n'ubwirinzi bwa sisitemu (Mu buryo butaziguye bwo kunoza imikorere myiza y'igihe kirekire)
Irinde imiyoboro migufi n'amakosa: Imiyoboro ifite ubushyuhe itandukanya neza ibyuma bifite ubushobozi butandukanye, ikarinda imiyoboro migufi iterwa n'umukungugu, ubushuhe, cyangwa kunyeganyega. Ibi ni ingenzi kugira ngo ibikoresho byo hanze cyangwa ibidukikije bikaze bikore neza, nka photovoltaic arrays, umuyaga, n'aho amashanyarazi ashyirwa.
Irinde ibidukikije bikomeye: Ibikoresho byihariye bifite ubushobozi bwo kudakoresha amazi menshi, kudakoresha imirasire ya UV, no kudakoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi/buciriritse (urugero, ibikoresho bya photovoltaic akenshi bisaba ubushobozi bwo kudakoresha amazi menshi kuva kuri -40°C kugeza kuri 85°C), bigamije gutuma imiyoboro ikomeza gukomera mu bihe by'inyuma by'igihe kirekire kandi bikagabanya igihe cyo kudakora neza bitewe n'uko byangiritse.
Koroshya Ubutabire n'Ibibazo: Ibikoresho bikingira insinga bifasha insinga kugumana isuku kandi bifite ikirango cyiza, bigabanya cyane ingorane zo kuyishyiraho no kuyisana. Imiterere y'ibikoresho byihuse bigabanya igihe cyo kuyisana kandi bikanoza uburyo bwo kuyikoresha.
3. Inshingano Zihariye mu Bihe by'ingenzi
Sisitemu z'ingufu za photovoltaic:
Uruhande rwa DC: Ibikoresho bifite ubushyuhe mu dusanduku twa PV hamwe n'udusanduku twa combiner bitwara umuriro wa DC uva kuri paneli z'izuba (kugeza kuri 1000V). Ubudahangarwa bwabyo bw'amashanyarazi n'imiterere yabyo idashobora guhindagurika bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku mikorere myiza y'amashanyarazi no ku mutekano w'inkongi.
Uruhande rwa AC: Kuba ibyuma bitanga umuriro byizewe ku musaruro wa inverter bigira ingaruka ku bwiza bw'amashanyarazi ashyirwa mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi.
Uburyo bwo kubika ingufu: Ibikoresho bihuza bateri bigomba kuba bifite ubushobozi bwo gukoresha umuriro mwinshi n'ubushobozi bwo kwirinda umuriro (urugero, icyemezo cya UL94 V0). Gutwara umuriro neza no gukingira burundu ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo hirindwe ingaruka z'ubushyuhe.
Udukoresho twa Smart Grids/Microgrids: Mu makabati yo gukwirakwiza, ibyuma bipima neza, n'ibikoresho byo kugenzura, ibyuma bihuza imiyoboro yo gupima, kurinda, n'itumanaho. Ubuhanga bwabyo n'ubudahangarwa bwabyo bitanga ishingiro rifatika ryo gukurikirana mu gihe nyacyo, kuringaniza imizigo, no gukora gahunda nziza.
Ibikorwa remezo byo gusarija ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi: Ibikoresho bitanga ubushyuhe bwinshi biri mu mbunda zisharija hamwe n'ibisharija bifite umuvuduko mwinshi bitanga uburyo bwo kohereza amashanyarazi neza kandi mu mutekano mu gihe cyo gusarija vuba.
4. Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ryazamuye imikorere myiza
Udushya mu bikoresho: Gukoresha irangi ritwara amashanyarazi cyane (nk'ibati, irangi rya feza), pulasitiki ikora nk'inkoni (nk'irya PA, PC, PBT), n'ibyuma birwanya ingese bigabanya ubukana kandi bikongera igihe cyo gukora.
Kunoza Imiterere: Imiterere nk'iy'imashini ifungana mu mpeshyi no kurekura imbaraga zihoraho, bikarinda ko imashini irekura bitewe n'ubushyuhe, guhindagurika cyangwa guhindagura, kandi igakomeza gukorana neza igihe kirekire.
