Ngā Paerewa ā-Motu mō ngā Pūnaha Tuwhera-Paera me ngā Pūnaha Pēhi-Matao Ngaohiko-Iti: He Aratohu Whānui

Wāhanga 1: Te Mārama ki ngā Kupu – He aha tā tātou e whakahaere ana?

I mua i te tirotiro i ngā paerewa motuhake, he mea nui kia whakamāramahia ngā kupu:

Ngā Pūrua Pūwero Tuwhera:He pūrua whakapiko ēnei e tohuhia ana e te kāho kāore i te kati katoa, he mea hanga mai i te pepa whakarewa me te hononga. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā tono waea whānui, ngā papa whakahaere, me ngā taputapu. Ko ngā tauira noa ko Te Pūrua Mowhitingā pūrua, ngā pito hāpara, me ngā hononga pūmau.

Ngā Pūrua Pēhi-Matao Ngaohiko Iti:Kei roto i tēnei wāhanga whānui ngā pūrua katoa i hangaia mō ngā tono ngaohiko iti (tae atu ki te 1,000V AC, 1,500V DC rānei) e piri ana ki ngā kaiārahi mā te pēhi matao (whakapiripiri) kaua ki te whakapiripiri. Kei roto i tēnei ko ngā momo kua whakamahanatia me ngā momo kāore i whakamahanatia, tae atu ki ngā momo mahi taumaha. taura taurangā

Anga Paerewa Matua o te Motu:

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Wāhanga 2: Te Paerewa Matua mō ngā Poraka Whakamutunga – GB/T 14048.7-2016

Tirohanga Whānui me te Whānuitanga

GB/T 14048.7-2016, "Tapu whakawhiti me te taputapu whakahaere ngaohiko-iti – Wāhanga 7-1: Taputapu tāpiri – Poraka mutunga mō ngā kaiārahi parahi,"ko te paerewa matua e whakahaere ana i ngā poraka whakamutunga e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā tono ahumahi me ngā tono riteKo tēnei paerewa, i whai mana i te 1 o Hepetema, 2016, hei whakakapi i te putanga GB/T 14048.7-2006 o mua.

Ngā Whakaritenga Matua

1. Ngā Whakatauranga Ngaohiko me te Iahiko:

• E pā ana ki ngā ara iahiko me ngā ngaohiko whakataurangaAC kāore e neke ake i te 1,000V(auau tae atu ki te 1,000 Hz) rāneiDC kāore e neke atu i te 1,500V 

• Ka hipoki i ngā kaiārahi me ngā horahanga whakawhiti-wāhanga mai i0.2 mm² tae atu ki te 300 mm²(AWG 24 ki te 600 kcmil)

2. Ngā Momo Hononga:

• Ngā wāhitau e ruamiro (momo tīwiri)mekāore i te miro (pūnga-kōpaka, pana-ki roto)ngā poraka whakamutunga

• E pā ana ki ngā pūrua e whakaae ana ki ngā ara iahiko parahi porowhita, ahakoa kua whakaritea motuhaketia (hei tauira, me ngā taura) kāore rānei i whakaritea

3. Ngā Whakaritenga Mahi:

• Te Pikinga o te Pāmahana:Me whakamātautau ngā poraka whakamutunga kia kore ai e neke ake te pikinga o te pāmahana i ngā rohe kua whakaritea i raro i ngā tikanga o ia au kua whakatauria.

• Ngā Āhuatanga Hiko-kore:Me tu atu ki ngā whakamātautau ngaohiko dielectric kua tohua i runga i te ngaohiko whakamarumaru kua whakatauria

• Auaha Poto-Wā:Me tu atu ngā pito ki te iahiko tu atu poto 1-hēkona te whakatauranga, he rite ki120A ia mm²o te wāhanga whakawhiti o te kaiārahi

• Te hekenga o te hiko:Kaua te hekenga ngaohiko e puta mai ana i te wā e whakaurua ana he ara iahiko e neke atu i ngā uara kua tohua.

• Whakamātautau Pakeketanga (mō ngā momo kore-miro):Me tu atu ngā pūmau puna me ngā pūmau rite200 huringa pāmahaname te kore e heke te mahi

Te Whakahāngaitanga o te Ao

Ko GB/T 14048.7-2016 hete whakatinanatanga whakarerekētanga o te IEC 60947-7-1:2009, te whakarite kia rite ki ngā mahi o te ao, me te whakatutuki hoki i ngā whakaritenga motuhake a Haina.

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Wāhanga 3: Te Paerewa Matua mō ngā Hononga Taura – GB/T 14315-2008

Tirohanga Whānui me te Whānuitanga

GB/T 14315-2008, "Ngā hononga me ngā taura pito momo pēhi me te parahi, te konumohe rānei mō ngā taura hiko,"koia te paerewa matua mō ngā taura taumaha e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā tono hiko. Ka whakakapia e tēnei paerewa, e whai mana ana i te 1 o Oketopa, 2009, te putanga o te tau 1993.

Ngā Whakaritenga Matua

1. Te whānuitanga o te ngaohiko me te tono:

• E pā ana ki ngā pūrua mō ngā taura hiko kua eke ki te35kV (Um=40.5kV) 

• Ka hipoki i ngā pito whakawhiti parahi, konumohe, me te parahi-konumohe

• Kei roto ngā pito me ngā ngongo honohono (ngā taura)

2. Awhe Rahi o te Arataki:

• I whakawhānuihia i te whakahoutanga o te tau 2008 kia kapi ai ngā kaiārahi tae atu ki630 mm² 

• Kei roto ko ngā whakaritenga āhuahanga e rite ana mō ia rahi

3. Ngā Momo Hua:

• DT (Ngā Pūrua Parahi):Mō ngā kaiārahi parahi

• DL (Ngā Pūrua Konumohe):Mō ngā kaiārahi konumohe

• DTL (Ngā Pūrua Whakawhiti Parahi-Konumohe):Mō te hono i ngā ara iahiko konumohe ki ngā taputapu parahi

• Ngā momo "Hinu Hiri":Ngā pūrua motuhake i hangaia hei ārai i te turuturu hinu i roto i ngā taputapu kī tonu i te hinu

4. Ngā Whakaritenga Rauemi:

• Me waiho te parahi heikaua e iti iho i te parahi Nama 3 (T3)e ai ki a GB/T 5231

• Me tutuki ngā rauemi parahi i ngā wāhanga e tika ana o GB/T 4423-2007 mō te rakau tokotoko.

• Me tutuki ngā rauemi konumohe i ngā paerewa e rite ana

5. Te Maimoatanga Mata:

• Me rite ngā taurangawhakawerahiai mua i te maimoatanga mata, me te pakeke i muri i te whakamahanaHB ≤ 62 

• Whakakikorua tinee hiahiatia ana, kia ōrite te tae o te paninga, kia ōrite, kia kore hoki e tihore

• Me maeneene, me ma hoki ngā mata o roto, o waho hoki,kāore he pūwero, he kapiti, he taha koi, he kopa rānei 

• Me papatahi ngā pereti whakamutunga

6. Ngā Whakatakotoranga Ahu:

• Ka whakaratohia e te paerewa ngā ripanga taipitopito mō ia momo me te rahi o te pūrua

• Ko ngā āhuatanga matua ko:

  • Te whānui o te kōhao (mō te hononga pūtu)

  • Te whānui o roto o te oko (mō te whakaurunga o te ara iahiko)

  • Te roa o te oko

  • Te roa katoa

  • Te whānui me te matotoru o te pereti whakamutunga

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Wāhanga 4: Ngā Paerewa Tāpiri e Hāngai Ana

GB/T 2317-2008 – Ngā Pūmautanga Kōpeketanga Rino

E pā ana tēnei paerewa ki ngā pito maitai mō ngā tono tae atu ki te1000V me te 320A. E tohu ana:

• Ngā momo me ngā rahinga

• Ngā taputapu whakakoi me ngā whakaritenga

• Ngā tikanga tāutanga

• Ngā tukanga whakamātautau mō te mahi ā-mīhini, ā-hiko, me te waikura

GB/T 26317-2010 – Ngā Pūrua Kōpeketanga Konumohe

Mō ngā pūrua konumohe tae atu ki1000V me te 630A, e whakarato ana tēnei paerewa:

• Ngā whakatakotoranga ā-rahi

• Ngā whakaritenga rauemi motuhake mō ngā koranu konumohe

• Ngā whakaritenga taputapu kume

• Ngā tikanga whakamātautau mahi

JB/T 10045-1999 – Ngā Hononga Taura Whakamarumaru

Ka hipokina e tēnei paerewa ahumahi ngā hononga taura kōpeketanga whakamahana mō ngā ngaohiko tae atu ki te35kV me ngā iahiko tae atu ki te 1000A, e wāhitau ana ki:

• Ngā momo hononga me ngā rahi

• Ngā whakatakotoranga rauemi

• Ngā whakaritenga tāutanga

• Ngā tikanga whakamātautau

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Wāhanga 5: Ngā Whakatakotoranga Rauemi me ngā Tohu Kounga

Ngā Whakaritenga Rauemi Parahi

E ai ki ngā paerewa e tika ana me ngā mahi ahumahi, me:

1. Whakamahia te Parahi Parakore-Teitei:Me te iti rawa o te parahi Nama 3 (T3) mō ia GB/T 5231, me ngā tohu teitei ake (T2, TU2) e pai ake ana mō ngā tono nui.

2. Ngā Whakatakotoranga Pakari:Mā te parahi kua whakamahanatia tika, ā, he pakeke HB ≤ 62 ka tika te ngāwari mō te whakakoi me te kore e pakaru.

3. Kia Rawa te Whakatakotoranga:Me penei te whakakikorua tine:

   • He rite te matotoru me te āhua

   • Kore he ira tahanga, he kōhao iti, he kiri pakarukaru rānei

   • He rawaka hei whakarato i te tiakitanga waikura mō te wā roa

Ngā Ātete Ahu

Me mau tonu ngā taunga ā-rahi tika o ngā pūmau kounga hei whakarite:

• Te taunga tika ki ngā ine waea kua tohua

• Hototahi ki ngā taputapu kume paerewa

• Te hononga tika ki ngā pito taputapu

• Mahi ōrite puta noa i ngā puranga whakaputa

Ngā Whakaritenga Whakaoti Mata

Ko ngā whakaritenga a ngā paerewa kia:

• Kāore he pūwero, he taha koi, me ngā kohao

• Whakamaeneene i roto, i waho hoki hei ārai i te kino o te ara iahiko

• Papatahi ki ngā pereti pito mō te pēhanga whakapā ōrite

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Wāhanga 6: Ngā Whakaritenga Whakamātautau Mahi

Ngā Whakamātautau Momo e Hiahiatia ana e ngā Paerewa

Ngā Whakamātautau Auau

Hei whakarite i te kounga o te whakaputanga, ko te tikanga ka mahia e ngā kaihanga:

• Tirotiro ā-kanohi (100%)

• Tauira ā-ahu

• Te tauira kaha tōia

• Manatoko matotoru whakakikorua

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Wāhanga 7: Ngā Pānga ki ngā Kaihanga me ngā Kaiwhakamahi

Mō ngā Kaihanga

Ehara i te mea whiriwhiri te tutuki i ngā paerewa ā-motu—he mea nui mō:

• Te Uru ki te Mākete:He maha ngā kaupapa me ngā tono tono e hiahia ana kia whai hua whaimana

• Te Whakatutukitanga Ture:Te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga haumaru ā-ture

• Te Whakapono o te Kaihoko:Te whakaatu i te whakapau kaha ki te kounga

• Te Āheinga Kaweake:Mā te whakataurite ki ngā paerewa o te ao ka āwhina i te hokohoko o te ao

Ngā kaihanga kounga teitei pērā i a Gaopeng Electric:

• Kia mau tonu te tiwhikete ki ngā paerewa GB/T e tika ana

• Whakatinanahia ngā pūnaha whakahaere kounga pakari

• Whakaratohia he tuhinga e whakaatu ana i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga ina tonoa

• Aroturuki tonu i ngā whakatikatika me ngā whakahōutanga paerewa

Tuhipoka:Kei te whakahoutia te GB/T 14315-2008 i tēnei wā, ā, kei te whakaritea he tauira paerewa (20252227-T-604) mai i te tau 2025.Me noho mōhio tonu ngā kaihanga ki ngā huringa e haere ake nei.

Mō ngā Kaiwhakamahi me ngā Kaiwhakatakoto

Mā te mārama ki ngā paerewa e tika ana ka taea e koe te:

• Tauwhāitihia kia tika:Me whakarite kia rite ngā whakaritenga hoko ki ngā paerewa e tika ana

• Manatokohia te Whakatutukitanga:Tonoa ngā tuhinga whakamana mai i ngā kaiwhakarato

• Kia Haumaru:Whakamahia ngā hua e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga haumaru kua whakaritea

• Ārai i ngā Mea Rūpahu:Kia mōhio he maha ngā wā kāore i te tika te tiwhikete mō ngā hua kāore e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga

Ngā Pātai Matua hei Pātai ki ngā Kaiwhakarato:

• Ko ēhea ngā paerewa GB/T e tutuki ana i ō hua?

• Ka taea e koe te whakarato i ngā pūrongo whakamātautau, i ngā tuhinga whakamana rānei?

• Ka taea te whai i ō hua ki ngā tiwhikete rauemi mata?

• Kei te whakahaerehia e koe ngā whakamātautau kounga o ia rā?

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Wāhanga 8: Ngā Whakaaro Hē me ngā Whakamārama Noa

Whakaaro Hē 1: "He rite tonu ngā pūwhakatere katoa, nō reira kāore he aha ngā paerewa."

Te Ao Tūturu:Ko ngā pito e āhua ōrite ana, tera pea he rerekē rawa te kounga o ngā rauemi, te matotoru o te whakakikorua, te tika o ngā āhuatanga, me ngā āhuatanga mahi. E tautuhia ana e ngā paerewa ngā whakaritenga iti rawa mō te haumaru me te pono.

Whakaaro Hē 2: "He rawaka ngā paerewa o te ao; he kōwhiringa noa iho ngā paerewa o te motu."

Te Ao Tūturu:Mō ngā hua e hokona ana, e whakamahia ana rānei i Haina, he mea nui te tutuki i ngā paerewa GB/T. He maha ngā kaupapa e kī ana me tutuki i ngā paerewa GB/T.

Whakaaro Hē 3: "He mahi pepa noa iho te tiwhikete."

Te Ao Tūturu:Ko te tiwhikete tika e hiahia ana ki te whakamātautau hua tuturu me te whakahaere kounga tonu. Mā tēnei ka whakamana motuhake i ngā kereme mahi.

Whakaaro Hē 4: "E whakaaetia tonutia ana ngā paerewa tawhito."

Te Ao Tūturu:Ka whanake ngā paerewa kia whakaata i ngā whakaritenga hangarau me te haumaru kua whakapaitia. Mā te whakamahi i ngā paerewa tawhito ka ngaro pea ngā whakahoutanga nui (hei tauira, kua whānui ake te whānuitanga o ngā rahi o GB/T 14315-2008, ā, kua tāpirihia ngā momo hua hou ki te putanga o te tau 1993)..

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Wāhanga 9: Te Whakapumautanga a Gaopeng Electric ki te Whakatutuki i ngā Paerewa

ITe Kamupene Hiko o Yueqing Gaopeng, Ltd., e mārama ana mātou ko te tutuki i ngā paerewa ā-motu te tūāpapa o te kounga hua me te whakawhirinaki a te kiritaki. Kei roto i tā mātou whakapau kaha:

Hoahoa me te Hangarau

• Ngā hua katoa i hangaia kia tutuki, kia hipa rānei i ngā paerewa GB/T e tika ana

• Arotake auau i ngā whakahoutanga me ngā whakatikatika paerewa

• He rōpū hangarau e mōhio hohonu ana ki ngā whakaritenga paerewa

Kōwhiringa Rauemi

• Te tirotiro pakari i ngā rauemi e tae mai ana

• Te whakamahi i te parahi whaimana e tutuki ana, e hipa ana rānei i ngā whakaritenga T3

• Te matotoru me te kounga o te whakakikorua kua manatokohia

Kounga Hanga

• Pūnaha whakahaere kounga ISO 9001

• Ngā arowhai kounga i roto i te tukanga

• Arotakenga whakamutunga ki ngā whakaritenga paerewa

• Manatoko i ngā āhuatanga mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu kua whakatikatikaina

Te Whakamātautau me te Tiwhikete

• Whakamātautau hua auau hei manatoko i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga

• Te pupuri i ngā tuhinga tiwhikete

• Te wātea o ngā pūrongo whakamātautau ina tonoa

Whakapai Tonu

• Te aroturuki i ngā tukanga arotake paerewa (hei tauira, te arotakenga e haere ake nei o GB/T 14315)

• Te whakarite mō ngā whakaritenga hou

• Te haumi ki ngā āheinga whakamātautau hou

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Whakamutunga: Ngā Paerewa hei Tūāpapa mō te Pono

Ngā paerewa ā-motu mō ngā pūnga oko tuwhera me ngā pūnga pēhi matao ngaohiko iti—te nuingaGB/T 14048.7-2016mō ngā poraka whakamutunga meGB/T 14315-2008mō ngā taura hiko—whakatūria ngā whakaritenga matua mō te haumaru, te mahi, me te pono. Ko ēnei paerewa, e hangai ana ki ngā paerewa o te ao mā te whakatinanatanga o te IEC, e whakarato ana:

• Ngā whakaritenga mārama mō ngā rauemi me ngā inenga

• Ngā whakaritenga mahi kua tautuhia me ngā tikanga whakamātautau

• Te whakapūmau i te kounga me te pumau o te hua

• He reo noa mō ngā kaihanga me ngā kaiwhakamahi

Ki ngā kaihanga, he kawenga kore e taea te whiriwhiri kia tutuki ngā whakaritenga. Ki ngā kaiwhakamahi, mā te mārama ki ēnei paerewa ka taea ai ngā whakataunga hoko whai whakaaro me te whakapono ki te pono o te pūnaha.

ITe Kamupene Hiko o Yueqing Gaopeng, Ltd., ka hangaia ā mātou hua kia tutuki ai ēnei paerewa pakari, kia whakarite kia mahi ia taunga rererangi e tukuna ana e mātou kia rite ki te mea i whakaritea—kia haumaru, kia pono, ā, mō te wā roa. Ka tono mātou ki ā mātou kiritaki kia uiui mō ā mātou tuhinga tiwhikete, ngā pūrongo whakamātautau, me ngā pūnaha kounga.

Hangaia me te Whakapono. Tauwhāitihia me te Mātauranga. Whakawhirinaki ki a Gaopeng mō te Kounga e Tutuki ana i ngā Paerewa.

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Mō ētahi atu kōrero taipitopito mō ngā paerewa motuhake, ngā tuhinga tiwhikete, ngā whakaritenga hua rānei, whakapā mai ki tā mātou tīma hokohoko hangarau. Kei konei mātou hei tautoko i ō hiahia me te tohungatanga me ngā hua kounga.