Amahame y'Igihugu ku byerekeye ibyuma bifunguye n'ibyuma bikonjesha bifite ingufu nke: Ubuyobozi bwuzuye

Igice cya 1: Gusobanukirwa Amagambo – Ni iki tugenzura?

Mbere yo gusuzuma amahame runaka, ni ngombwa gusobanura neza amagambo akoreshwa:

Ibikoresho bifunguye:Izi ni ibyuma bifunganye birangwa n'umugozi udafunze neza, ubusanzwe ukozwe mu byuma bifite umushono. Bikoreshwa cyane mu bikorwa rusange byo gufunga insinga, mu byuma bigenzura, no mu bikoresho. Ingero zisanzwe zirimo: Aho guterera impetas, ibyuma bifunga ibyuma, n'ibihuza ibyuma.

Ibikoresho bikonjesha kandi bifite ingufu nke:Iki cyiciro cyagutse kigizwe n'imiyoboro yose yagenewe gukoreshwa mu gukoresha ingufu nke (ubusanzwe kugeza kuri 1.000V AC cyangwa 1.500V DC) ifatanye n'imashini zikoresha umuriro binyuze mu gukanda ahantu hakonje (crimping) aho gukoresha soldering. Ibi birimo ubwoko bwa smoke n'ubudafite smoke, ndetse n'imiyoboro ikomeye. Agakoresho k'insingas.

Gahunda y'ingenzi y'Amahame Ngenderwaho y'Igihugu:

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Igice cya 2: Igipimo ngenderwaho cy'ibanze ku biti by'ifatizo – GB/T 14048.7-2016

Incamake n'Ingano

GB/T 14048.7-2016, "Imashini zikoresha ingufu nke n'ibikoresho byo kugenzura - Igice cya 7-1: Ibikoresho by'inyongera - Ibikoresho bya terminal bya conductors z'umuringa,"ni amahame shingiro agenga terminal blocks akoreshwa mu nganda n'ibindi bisa nazoIri hame, ryatangiye gukurikizwa ku ya 1 Nzeri 2016, risimbuye verisiyo ya mbere ya GB/T 14048.7-2006.

Ingingo z'ingenzi

1. Ingano y'amashanyarazi n'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi:

• Bikoreshwa ku miyoboro ifite voltages zigenweAC itarengeje 1.000V(umuvuduko ugera kuri 1.000 Hz) cyangwaDC ntarengwa na 1,500V 

• Itwikira ibyuma biyobora amashanyarazi bifite ibice biva ku0.2 mm² kugeza kuri 300 mm²(AWG 24 kugeza kuri 600 kcmil)

2. Ubwoko bw'imikoranire:

• Andika kuri zombiifite imigozi (ubwoko bwa screw)naidakoresha imigozi (imashini ifunga, inyuzwamo)ibibanza by'inyuma

• Bikoreshwa ku byuma byakira ibyuma biyobora umuringa, byaba byateguwe by'umwihariko (urugero, hamwe n'ibyuma) cyangwa bitateguwe

3. Ibisabwa mu mikorere:

• Ukwiyongera k'ubushyuhe:Ibice by'aho ibyuma bihagarara bigomba gupimwa kugira ngo ubushyuhe butarenga imipaka yagenwe hakurikijwe imiterere y'ubu.

• Imiterere ya Dielectric:Igomba kwihanganira ibizamini bya dielectric voltage byagenwe hashingiwe ku gipimo cy'amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu gukingira

• Umuriro wo kwihanganira igihe gito:Ibikoresho bigomba kwihanganira umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi w'igihe gito w'isegonda 1, bingana na120A kuri mm²by'igice cy'umuyobozi

• Kugabanuka k'amashanyarazi:Igabanuka ry'amashanyarazi riterwa n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi rigomba kurenga agaciro kagenwe

• Ikizamini cyo gusaza (ku bwoko budafite imigozi):Ibyuma bifunga by'impeshyi n'ibindi bisa nabyo bigomba kwihanganiraIngendo z'ubushyuhe 200nta kwangirika k'imikorere

Ihuza Mpuzamahanga

GB/T 14048.7-2016 niIyubahirizwa rya IEC 60947-7-1:2009 ryavuguruwe, kugenzura ko bihuye n'ibikorwa mpuzamahanga ariko hakubahirizwa ibisabwa mu Bushinwa.

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Igice cya 3: Igipimo ngenderwaho cy'ibanze ku migozi y'insinga – GB/T 14315-2008

Incamake n'Ingano

GB/T 14315-2008, "Udupira n'ibyuma byo mu bwoko bwa compression hamwe n'umuringa cyangwa aluminiyumu byo kuyobora insinga z'amashanyarazi,"ni igipimo cy'ingenzi ku miyoboro y'insinga ikomeye ikoreshwa mu gutanga ingufuIri hame, ryatangiye gukoreshwa kuva ku ya 1 Ukwakira 2009, risimbuye irya 1993.

Ingingo z'ingenzi

1. Voltage n'Uburyo bwo kuyikoresha:

• Bikoreshwa ku miyoboro y'amashanyarazi ku nsinga z'amashanyarazi zifite amanota agera kuri35kV (Um=40.5kV) 

• Itwikira ibyuma bihindura umuringa, aluminiyumu, n'umuringa-aluminium

• Harimo imiyoboro yombi ihuza imiyoboro (ferrules)

2. Ingano y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi:

• Yaguwe mu ivugurura ryo mu 2008 kugira ngo ifashe abayobozi b'imodoka kugeza kumm² 630 

• Harimo ibisabwa bijyanye n'ingano kuri buri ngano

3. Ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa:

• DT (Ibikoresho by'umuringa):Ku byuma biyobora umuringa

• DL (Ibikoresho bya Aluminium):Ku byuma biyobora aluminium

• DTL (Ibikoresho byo Guhindura Umuringa na Aluminiyumu):Ku bijyanye no guhuza ibyuma bya aluminiyumu n'ibikoresho by'umuringa

• Ubwoko bw'"Amavuta afunze":Ibikoresho byihariye byagenewe gukumira amazi y'amavuta mu bikoresho byuzuyemo amavuta

4. Ibisabwa ku bikoresho:

• Umuringa ugomba kubaumuringa utari munsi ya No. 3 (T3)hakurikijwe GB/T 5231

• Ibikoresho by'umuringa bigomba kubahiriza ingingo za GB/T 4423-2007 zijyanye n'inkoni

• Ibikoresho bya aluminiyumu bigomba kuzuza ibisabwa

5. Gutunganya ubuso:

• Ibikoresho bigomba kubayafashwembere yo gutunganya ubuso, hamwe n'ubukomere nyuma yo gukururaHB ≤ 62 

• Gushyiramo amabatibirakenewe, aho irangi ringana, rihoraho, kandi ridafite ibara

• Ubuso bw'imbere n'inyuma bugomba kuba buringaniye kandi busukuye,nta matungo, imitumba, impande zisongoye, cyangwa imikufi 

• Amasahani yo ku gitereko agomba kuba arambuye

6. Ibisobanuro by'ingano:

• Imbonerahamwe itanga imbonerahamwe zirambuye z'ibipimo kuri buri bwoko bw'aho terminal iherereye n'ingano yayo.

• Ibipimo by'ingenzi birimo:

  • Umwanya w'umwobo (wo guhuza bolt)

  • Umurambararo w'imbere w'imbeba (wo gushyiramo kondakita)

  • Uburebure bw'umugozi

  • Uburebure rusange

  • Ubugari n'ubugari bwa plate ya terminal

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Igice cya 4: Amahame y'inyongera ajyanye n'ibyo

GB/T 2317-2008 – Ibikoresho byo gukanda by'icyuma

Iri hame rikoreshwa ku byuma bikoresha ibyuma kugeza ku1000V na 320AIgaragaza:

• Ubwoko n'ibipimo

• Ibikoresho byo gupfuka ibisebe n'ibisabwa

• Uburyo bwo gushyiraho

• Uburyo bwo gupima imikorere y'imashini, amashanyarazi, na corruption

GB/T 26317-2010 – Ibikoresho byo gukanda by'aluminiyumu

Ku byuma bya aluminiyumu kugeza ku1000V na 630A, iyi ngingo iteganya:

• Ibipimo by'ingano

• Ibisabwa ku bikoresho byihariye ku byuma bya aluminiyumu

• Ibisabwa ku gikoresho cyo gupfuka

• Uburyo bwo gupima imikorere

JB/T 10045-1999 – Imiyoboro y'insinga ishyushye

Iri hame ry’inganda rikubiyemo imiyoboro y’insinga zishyushya umuriro ku buryo zikoresha amashanyarazi kugeza ku35kV n'imigezi igera kuri 1000A, avugira:

• Ubwoko bw'ingingo n'ibipimo byazo

• Ibipimo by'ibikoresho

• Ibisabwa mu gushyiraho

• Uburyo bwo gupima

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Igice cya 5: Ibisobanuro by'ibikoresho n'ibipimo by'ubuziranenge

Ibisabwa ku bikoresho by'umuringa

Dukurikije amahame ngenderwaho n'imikorere y'inganda, ibyuma by'ubuziranenge bigomba:

1. Koresha umuringa utagira inenge cyane:Nibura umuringa nimero 3 (T3) kuri GB/T 5231, hamwe n'amanota yo hejuru (T2, TU2) akoreshwa mu buryo bw'ingenzi.

2. Uhuze n'ibipimo by'ubukomere:Umuringa upfunyitse neza ufite ubukana bwa HB ≤ 62 utuma ubasha gupfunyika neza nta gucikagurika.

3. Kugira irangi rihagije:Igipfunyika cy'ibati kigomba kuba:

   • Ingano mu bunini no mu miterere

   • Nta bizinga, imyobo cyangwa gutobora

   • Birahagije gutanga uburinzi bw'ingese igihe kirekire

Ubwihangane mu Bipimo

Ibikoresho by'ubuziranenge bigomba kugira ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibintu neza kugira ngo bigerweho:

• Ihuye neza n'insinga zagenwe

• Ihuza n'ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gufunga

• Guhuza neza n'ibikoresho bya terminal

• Imikorere ihoraho mu byiciro byose by'umusaruro

Ibisabwa ku irangi ry'ubuso

Amabwiriza agenga ko terminals ziba:

• Nta mabuye y'inyuma, impande zisongoye, n'ibice bito

• Koroshya imbere n'inyuma kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kw'umuyoboro w'amazi

• Ifite icyuma gifunganye ku gice cyo hejuru kugira ngo igitutu gihuze neza

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Igice cya 6: Ibisabwa mu isuzuma ry'imikorere

Ubwoko bw'ibizamini bisabwa n'amahame

Ibizamini bisanzwe

Kugira ngo harebwe ubuziranenge bw'umusaruro, abakora ubusanzwe bakora ibi bikurikira:

• Igenzura ry'amaso (100%)

• Ingero z'ibipimo

• Gutora ingero z'imbaraga zo gukurura

• Igenzura ry'ubugari bw'igitambaro

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Igice cya 7: Ingaruka ku bakora n'abakoresha

Ku banyamwuga

Gukurikiza amahame y’igihugu si amahitamo—ni ngombwa kuri:

• Uburyo bwo kubona isoko:Imishinga myinshi n'amasoko bisaba ibicuruzwa byemewe

• Iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko:Gukurikiza ibisabwa n'umutekano

• Icyizere cy'abakiriya:Kugaragaza ubwitange mu ireme

• Ubushobozi bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga:Guhuza n'amahame mpuzamahanga byoroshya ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga

Inganda zikora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga nka Gaopeng Electric:

• Komeza kwemeza ko ukurikije ibipimo ngenderwaho bya GB/T bireba

• Shyira mu bikorwa uburyo bukomeye bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge

• Tanga inyandiko igaragaza ko byemewe n'amategeko iyo ubisabye

• Gukurikirana buri gihe amavugurura n'ivugurura bisanzwe

Icyitonderwa:GB/T 14315-2008 irimo kuvugururwa ubu, aho umushinga w’amabwiriza (20252227-T-604) uri gutegurwa guhera mu 2025.Abakora bagomba guhora bamenyeshwa impinduka ziri imbere.

Ku bakoresha n'ababigena

Gusobanukirwa amahame ngenderwaho akurikizwa biguha imbaraga zo:

• Sobanura neza:Kureba neza ko ibipimo by'amasoko byerekeza ku bipimo ngenderwaho bikwiye

• Kugenzura iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko:Saba inyandiko zigaragaza icyemezo cy'uko utanga serivisi agufitiye akamaro

• Menya neza umutekano:Koresha ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa mu by'umutekano

• Irinde ibintu by'amahimbano:Menya ko ibicuruzwa bitujuje ibisabwa akenshi bitagira icyemezo gikwiye

Ibibazo by'ingenzi byo kubaza abatanga serivisi:

• Ni ayahe mahame ya GB/T ibicuruzwa byawe byubahiriza?

• Ese ushobora gutanga raporo z'ibizamini cyangwa inyandiko z'impamyabushobozi?

• Ese ibicuruzwa byawe bishobora gukurikirwa n'ibyemezo by'ibikoresho fatizo?

• Ese ukomeza gupima ubuziranenge buri gihe?

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Igice cya 8: Ibitekerezo n'ibisobanuro bikunze kugaragara

Igitekerezo cya 1: "Amaherezo yose ni amwe, bityo amahame nta cyo atwaye."

Ukuri:Ibikoresho bisa bisa bishobora kugira ubwiza bw'ibikoresho bitandukanye cyane, ubugari bw'ibice, ubwiza bw'ibipimo, n'imiterere y'imikorere. Amahame agenga ibipimo ntarengwa agena ibikenewe kugira ngo habeho umutekano n'ubwizerwe.

Igitekerezo cya 2: "Amahame mpuzamahanga arahagije; amahame y'igihugu ni ayo guhitamo."

Ukuri:Ku bicuruzwa bigurishwa cyangwa bikoreshwa mu Bushinwa, kubahiriza amahame ya GB/T akenshi ni itegeko. Imishinga myinshi isaba ku buryo bweruye ko GB/T ikurikizwa.

Igitekerezo cya 3: "Impamyabumenyi ni impapuro gusa."

Ukuri:Icyemezo gikwiye gisaba isuzuma ry’ibicuruzwa nyaryo no kugenzura ubuziranenge buri gihe. Gitanga igenzura ryigenga ry’ibisabwa mu mikorere.

Igitekerezo kibi cya 4: "Amahame ashaje aracyari yemewe."

Ukuri:Amahame arahinduka kugira ngo agaragaze ikoranabuhanga n'ibisabwa mu mutekano. Gukoresha amahame ashaje bishobora gutuma umuntu abura amakuru mashya y'ingenzi (urugero, GB/T 14315-2008 yagutse kandi yongeraho ubwoko bushya bw'ibicuruzwa ugereranije na verisiyo yo mu 1993).

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Igice cya 9: Ibyemezo bya Gaopeng Electric ku iyubahirizwa ry'amahame ngenderwaho

KuriYueqing Gaopeng Electric Co., Ltd., turasobanukiwe ko kubahiriza amahame ngenderwaho y'igihugu ari ryo shingiro ry'ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa n'icyizere cy'abakiriya. Imihigo yacu ikubiyemo:

Igishushanyo mbonera n'Ubwubatsi

• Ibicuruzwa byose byagenewe kuzuza cyangwa kurenza amahame ya GB/T akurikizwa

• Isuzuma rihoraho ry'amavugurura n'ivugurura bisanzwe

• Itsinda ry'ubwubatsi rifite ubumenyi bwimbitse ku bisabwa bisanzwe

Guhitamo Ibikoresho

• Igenzura rikomeye ry'ibikoresho byinjira

• Gukoresha umuringa wemewe wujuje ibisabwa cyangwa urenze ibisabwa bya T3

• Ubunini n'ubwiza bya platingi byemejwe

Ireme ry'Inganda

• Sisitemu yo gucunga ubuziranenge ya ISO 9001

• Igenzura ry'ubuziranenge mu gihe cyo gukora

• Igenzura rya nyuma ukurikije ibisabwa bisanzwe

• Igenzura ry'ibipimo hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bigenzurwa

Isuzuma n'Impamyabumenyi

• Gusuzuma buri gihe ibicuruzwa kugira ngo harebwe niba byujuje ibisabwa

• Kubungabunga inyandiko z'impamyabumenyi

• Raporo z'ibizamini ziboneka iyo ubisabye

Iterambere rihoraho

• Gukurikirana inzira zisanzwe zo kuvugurura (urugero, ivugurura ritaha rya GB/T 14315)

• Kwitegura ibisabwa bishya

• Ishoramari mu bushobozi bugezweho bwo gupima

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Umwanzuro: Amahame ngenderwaho nk'ishingiro ry'ubwiringiro

Amabwiriza y'igihugu ku byerekeye imiyoboro ifunguye n'imiyoboro ikonje ifite ingufu nke—cyane cyaneGB/T 14048.7-2016ku matsinda y'inyuma naGB/T 14315-2008ku byuma bikoresha insinga z'amashanyarazi—shyiraho ibisabwa by'ingenzi kugira ngo umutekano, imikorere, n'ubwizerwe. Aya mahame, ajyanye n'amahame mpuzamahanga binyuze mu ishyirwaho rya IEC, atanga:

• Ibisobanuro bisobanutse neza ku bikoresho n'ingano

• Ibisabwa mu mikorere n'uburyo bwo gupima byagenwe

• Kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa bifite ireme kandi ko bihoraho

• Ururimi ruhuriweho n'abakora n'abakoresha

Ku bakora, kubahiriza amategeko ni inshingano idasubirwaho. Ku bakoresha, gusobanukirwa aya mahame bituma bafata ibyemezo by’amasoko neza kandi bakizera ko sisitemu izizewe.

KuriYueqing Gaopeng Electric Co., Ltd., twubaka ibicuruzwa byacu kugira ngo byuzuze aya mahame akomeye, tugakora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo buri terminal dutanga ikore uko iteganijwe—mu mutekano, mu buryo bwizewe, kandi mu gihe kirekire. Turatumira abakiriya bacu kubaza ibijyanye n'inyandiko zacu z'impamyabushobozi, raporo z'ibizamini, na sisitemu z'ubuziranenge.

Kubaka ufite icyizere. Shyiraho ubumenyi. Wiringire Gaopeng kugira ngo ubone amahame-remezo ajyanye n'ubuziranenge.

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Kugira ngo ubone amakuru arambuye ku bipimo ngenderwaho byihariye, inyandiko zemeza, cyangwa ibisobanuro by'ibicuruzwa, nyamuneka hamagara itsinda ryacu rishinzwe ubucuruzi bwa tekiniki. Turi hano kugira ngo dushyigikire ibyo ukeneye hamwe n'ubuhanga n'ibicuruzwa byiza.