Gabatarwa ga Tsarin Rufewa na Abubuwan Rufe Tashar Roba

Tasirin hana harshen wuta na sassan filastik ba abu ne na musamman ba, amma yana taka rawa a matakai daban-daban na konewa (dumama, rugujewa, kunna wuta, yaɗuwa) ta hanyar hanyoyin zahiri da na sinadarai. Ana iya raba manyan hanyoyin zuwa nau'ikan masu zuwa:
1. Tsarin hana harshen wuta na lokaci-lokaci na iskar gas (kama free radicals)
Wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman hanyoyin aiki kuma masu inganci.
Ka'ida: Idan zafi ya lalata abubuwan hana harshen wuta, za su iya sakin abubuwa masu aiki (kamar halogen radicals X·), wanda zai "kama" radicals H· da HO· (hydroxyl group) waɗanda ke kula da amsawar sarkar harshen wuta a cikin amsawar ƙonewa, ta yadda yawansu zai ragu sosai, don ya katse amsawar sinadarai ta ƙonewa yadda ya kamata.

Nau'ikan hana harshen wuta na yau da kullun:
Masu hana harshen wuta na halogen (bromine, chlorine): ingantaccen aiki, amma hayaki mai yawa yayin konewa, na iya samar da iskar gas mai guba (dioxins, da sauransu), wanda a halin yanzu an iyakance shi a wasu fannoni masu buƙatar kariya daga muhalli.
Masu hana harshen wuta marasa halogen (kamar nitrogen, masu hana harshen wuta na phosphorus-nitrogen): Iskar gas marasa ƙonewa kamar ammonia, nitrogen, da tururin ruwa ana samar da su ta hanyar rugujewa, suna narkar da iskar oxygen da yawan iskar gas mai ƙonewa, yayin da kuma suke kama free radicals.

2. Tsarin hana harshen wuta mai cunkoso (samuwar layin carbon)
Ka'ida: Masu hana harshen wuta na iya haɓaka bushewa da kuma samar da sinadarai masu guba a saman harshen wuta, suna samar da wani kauri da kuma rami mai kauri na carbon. Wannan ka'idar carbon tana taka rawa da dama:
Rufewa: Yana toshe hanyar canja wurin zafi na waje zuwa polymer na ciki.
Katangar iskar oxygen: hana samfuran rugujewar ciki daga fita, da kuma ware iskar oxygen daga waje.
Matashin shinge: Yana kare kayan da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa daga ɗigon narkewa.
Nau'ikan hana harshen wuta na yau da kullun:
Masu hana harshen wuta na Phosphorus: kamar su phosphate esters, red phosphorus. Ana samar da phosphoric acid da polymetaphosphic acid ta hanyar zafi, wanda ke haifar da bushewar polymers masu iskar oxygen (kamar PC da PET) zuwa carbon.
Tsarin hana harshen wuta mai haske (IFR): Ya ƙunshi tushen acid, tushen carbon da tushen iskar gas. Idan aka dumama shi, yana kumfa da faɗaɗawa, yana samar da wani yanki mai ramuka na carbon mai kauri sau da yawa fiye da kauri na asali, wanda ke da kyakkyawan tasirin hana harshen wuta da iskar oxygen, kuma shine babban fasahar hana harshen wuta mai ƙarfi wanda ba shi da halogen.

3. Tsarin sanyaya (sanyi na endothermic)
Ka'ida: Wasu masu hana harshen wuta suna shan zafi mai yawa (shaƙar zafi mai yawa) lokacin da suke ruɓewa, ta haka suna rage zafin saman kayan kuma suna jinkirta tsarin ruɓewar zafi na polymers.
Nau'ikan hana harshen wuta na yau da kullun:
Karfe hydroxides: Mafi yawan amfani da su sune aluminum hydroxide (ATH) da magnesium hydroxide (MH). Suna shan zafi mai yawa yayin da suke ruɓewa da fitar da tururin ruwa, suna narkar da iskar gas mai ƙonewa da iskar oxygen. Wannan ita ce hanya mafi kyau ta kare muhalli, ba tare da hayaki ba, amma tana buƙatar ƙarin ƙari mai yawa (yawanci > 50%), wanda zai iya shafar halayen injiniya da kuma yadda kayan ke aiki.

4. Digo da tasirin narkewa
Tasirin ɗigon ruwa: Wasu kayan aiki (kamar PA6/PA66 mara hana wuta) suna narkewa da sauri lokacin da aka dumama su, suna ɗauke da zafi don haka suna kare kayan da ke sama. Amma wannan ba shi da iko kuma yana da haɗari saboda ɗigon ruwa na narkewa na iya ɗaukar harshen wuta don kunna wasu sassan. Tsarin hana wuta mai kyau yakamata ya danne ɗigon ruwa, ko kuma ya sa su zama marasa ƙonewa (an yarda da ɗigon ruwa mai iyaka a matakin V-2, kuma an iyakance su sosai a matakin V-0).
Tasirin narkewar iska: Rushewar abubuwan hana harshen wuta yana samar da iskar gas marasa ƙonewa (kamar tururin ruwa, CO₂, N₂, NH₃, da sauransu), yana rage yawan iskar gas mai ƙonewa da iskar oxygen a kusa da kayan.