He Kupu Whakataki ki te Tikanga Ārai Mura o ngā Wāhanga Kirihou Whakamarumaru

Kāore te pānga ātete mura o ngā wāhanga kirihou i te takitahi, engari he pānga tōna ki ngā wāhanga rerekē o te mura (te whakamahana, te pirau, te mura, te horapa) mā roto i ngā ara ā-tinana me te matū. Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā tikanga matua ki ēnei momo:
1. Te tikanga ārai mura āhua-hau (te hopu i ngā rauropi kore utu)
Koinei tētahi o ngā tikanga tino nui, tino whai hua hoki.
Mātāpono: Ina pirau ngā ārai mura i te wera, ka taea e rātou te tuku i ngā matū hohe (pērā i ngā rauropi halogen X·), ka "mau" i ngā rauropi H· me HO· (rōpū hydroxyl) e pupuri ana i te tauhohenga mekameka mura i roto i te tauhohenga mura, kia heke tere ai tō rātou kukū, kia pai ai te whakakore i te tauhohenga matū o te mura.

Ngā ārai mura noa:
Ngā ārai mura halogen (bromine, chlorine): he tino whai hua, engari he nui te paoa i te wā e tahuna ana, ka puta pea he hau waikura paitini (dioxins, me ētahi atu), he iti noa iho i ētahi mara e nui ana ngā whakaritenga tiaki taiao.
Ngā aukati mura kore-halogen (pēnei i te hauota, ngā aukati mura intumescent phosphorus-hauota): Ka puta ngā hau kore-mura pēnei i te haukini, te hauota, me te mamaoa wai mā te pirau, te whakawaiwai i ngā kukū o te hāora me ngā hau mura, me te hopu hoki i ngā rauropi kore utu.

2. Te tikanga ārai mura ā-wāhanga kua whakakōpikopikotia (te hanganga o te paparanga waro)
Mātāpono: Ka taea e ngā ārai mura te whakatairanga i te maroke me te whakapūngao waro o ngā pūmua i runga i te mata o te mura, ka hanga he paparanga waro matotoru me te pūwero. He maha ngā mahi a tēnei paparanga waro:
Ārai i te wera: Ka ārai i te whakawhiti o te wera o waho ki te pūmua o roto.
Ārai hāora: ārai i te putanga mai o ngā hua pirau mura o roto, me te ārai hoki i te urunga mai o te hāora o waho.
Papa ārai: Ka tiaki i te rauemi o raro mai i ngā pata rewa.
Ngā ārai mura noa:
Ngā ārai mura o te phosphorus: pērā i ngā phosphate esters, te phosphorus whero. Ka hangaia te waikawa phosphoric me te waikawa polymetaphosphic e te wera, ka whakatairanga i te maroke o ngā polymers whai hāora (pērā i te PC me te PET) ki te waro.
Pūnaha ārai mura intumescent (IFR): He mea tito mai i te pūtake waikawa, te pūtake waro me te pūtake hau. Ina werahia, ka pahuka, ka whānui, ka hanga he paparanga waro pahuka porous he maha ngā wā te rahi atu i te matotoru taketake, he pai rawa te ārai wera me te ārai hāora, ā, koinei te hangarau matua o te ārai mura kore-halogen kounga teitei.

3. Tikanga whakamatao (whakamatao werawera)
Mātāpono: Ka mimitihia e ētahi ārai mura te wera nui (te mimiti wera nui) i te wā e pirau ana, ā, ka whakaitihia te pāmahana o te mata o te rauemi, ka whakaroa hoki i te tukanga pirau wera o ngā polymer.
Ngā ārai mura noa:
Ngā hauwaiwai whakarewa: Ko ngā mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te hauwaiwai konumohe (ATH) me te hauwaiwai konupora (MH). He nui te wera e mimitihia ana e rātou i a rātou e pirau ana, e tuku ana i te mamaoa wai, e whakawaiwai ana i ngā hau mura me te hāora. Koinei te tikanga ārai ahi tino pai mō te taiao, kāore he paowa, engari me nui te tāpiri (te nuinga o te wā > 50%), ka pā ki ngā āhuatanga miihini me te rere o te tukatuka o te rauemi.

4. Ngā pata me ngā pānga whakapūkara
Pānga maturuturu: Ko ētahi rauemi (pērā i te PA6/PA66 kore-ārai mura) ka rewa tere, ka maturuturu ina werahia, ka haria atu te wera, ā, ka tiakina te rauemi i runga ake nei. Engari he mea kāore e taea te whakahaere, he mea morearea hoki tēnei nā te mea ka taea e ngā maturuturu rewa te kawe mura hei mura i ētahi atu wāhanga. Me pehi e te pūnaha aukati mura pai ngā maturuturu, me kore rānei e mura (he iti noa ngā maturuturu e whakaaetia ana i te taumata V-2, ā, he tino iti noa iho i te taumata V-0).
Pānga waimeha: Ka puta he hau kore-mura (pērā i te mamaoa wai, CO₂, N₂, NH₃, me ētahi atu) i te pirau o ngā mea ārai mura, ā, ka waimeha te kukū o ngā hau mura me te hāora huri noa i te rauemi.