Chiyambi cha Njira Yotetezera Moto ya Zigawo za Pulasitiki Zotetezera Malo

Mphamvu yoletsa moto ya zigawo za pulasitiki si yofanana, koma imagwira ntchito pa magawo osiyanasiyana a kuyaka (kutentha, kuwola, kuyatsa, kufalikira) kudzera m'njira zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala. Njira zazikulu zitha kugawidwa m'mitundu iyi:
1. Njira yochepetsera moto wa gasi (yogwira ma free radicals)
Iyi ndi imodzi mwa njira zofunika kwambiri komanso zogwira mtima.
Mfundo: Pamene zinthu zoletsa moto zimawonongeka ndi kutentha, zimatha kutulutsa zinthu zogwira ntchito (monga halogen radicals X·), zomwe "zimakola" ma radicals a H· ndi H· (hydroxyl group) omwe amasunga kayendedwe ka unyolo wa moto mu kayendedwe ka kuyaka, kotero kuti kuchuluka kwawo kumatsika kwambiri, kuti asokoneze bwino kayendedwe ka mankhwala ka kuyaka.

Zinthu zoletsa moto zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri:
Zinthu zoletsa moto wa halogen (bromine, chlorine): utsi wochuluka, koma wamphamvu kwambiri panthawi yoyaka, zimatha kupanga mpweya woopsa wowononga (ma dioxin, ndi zina zotero), womwe pakadali pano ndi wochepa m'magawo ena okhala ndi zofunikira zambiri zoteteza chilengedwe.
Zinthu zoletsa moto zopanda halogen (monga nayitrogeni, phosphorous-nayitrogeni zoletsa moto zomwe zimalowa m'thupi): Mpweya wosayaka monga ammonia, nayitrogeni, ndi nthunzi ya madzi umapangidwa ndi kuwola, kusungunula mpweya ndi mpweya woyaka, komanso kugwira ma free radicals.

2. Njira yochepetsera moto yozungulira gawo lozungulira (kupanga gawo la kaboni)
Mfundo: Zoletsa moto zimatha kulimbikitsa madzi m'thupi komanso kupanga mpweya wa ma polima pamwamba pa moto, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya wa carbon ukhale wokhuthala komanso wofewa. Mpweya wa carbon uwu umagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana:
Kuteteza kutentha: Kumaletsa kusamutsa kutentha kwakunja kupita ku polima wamkati.
Chotchinga cha mpweya: chimaletsa zinthu zowola zomwe zimayaka mkati kuti zisatuluke, komanso chimaletsa mpweya wakunja kuti usalowe.
Chotchinga: Chimateteza zinthu zomwe zili pansi pa nthaka ku madontho osungunuka.
Zinthu zoletsa moto zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri:
Zinthu zoletsa moto za phosphorous: monga phosphate esters, red phosphoric acid. phosphoric acid ndi polymetaphosphoric acid zimapangidwa ndi kutentha, komwe kumalimbikitsa kuchepa kwa madzi m'ma polima okhala ndi mpweya (monga PC ndi PET) kukhala kaboni.
Dongosolo loletsa moto la Intumescent (IFR): Limapangidwa ndi gwero la asidi, gwero la kaboni ndi gwero la mpweya. Likatenthedwa, limatulutsa thovu ndi kukula, ndikupanga thovu la kaboni lokhala ndi maenje ochulukirapo nthawi zambiri kuposa makulidwe oyamba, lomwe lili ndi kutchinjiriza kwabwino kwambiri kutentha ndi kutchinjiriza mpweya, ndipo ndi ukadaulo wodziwika bwino wa kutchinjiriza moto kwapamwamba kopanda halogen.

3. Njira yoziziritsira (kuzizira kwa endothermic)
Mfundo: Zinthu zina zoletsa moto zimayamwa kutentha kwambiri (kuyamwa kutentha kwambiri) zikamawola, motero zimachepetsa kutentha kwa pamwamba pa zinthuzo ndikuchedwetsa kuwonongeka kwa ma polima.
Zinthu zoletsa moto zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri:
Ma hydroxide achitsulo: Omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi aluminum hydroxide (ATH) ndi magnesium hydroxide (MH). Amayamwa kutentha kwambiri akamawola ndi kutulutsa nthunzi ya madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya ndi mpweya ziziyaka. Iyi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yotetezera moto, yopanda utsi, koma imafuna kuwonjezerapo (nthawi zambiri > 50%), zomwe zingakhudze momwe makina amagwirira ntchito komanso momwe zinthuzo zimagwirira ntchito.

4. Madontho ndi zotsatira za kusungunuka kwa madzi
Zotsatira za madontho: Zipangizo zina (monga PA6/PA66 yosagwiritsa ntchito moto) zimasungunuka ndikutuluka madzi mwachangu zikatenthedwa, zomwe zimachotsa kutentha ndipo motero zimateteza zinthu zomwe zili pamwambapa. Koma izi ndizosalamulirika komanso zoopsa chifukwa madontho osungunuka amatha kunyamula malawi kuti ayatse zigawo zina. Dongosolo labwino loletsa moto liyenera kuletsa madontho, kapena kuwapangitsa kuti asayaka (madontho ochepa amaloledwa mu giredi V-2, ndipo ochepa mu giredi V-0).
Kusungunuka kwa mpweya: Kusungunuka kwa zinthu zoletsa moto kumapanga mpweya wosayaka (monga nthunzi ya madzi, CO₂, N₂, NH₃, ndi zina zotero), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya woyaka ndi mpweya wozungulira zinthuzo zisungunuke.