Kev Taw Qhia Txog Lub Tshuab Tiv Thaiv Hluav Taws Xob ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Yas Rwb Thaiv Tsev

Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom yas tsis yog ib qho xwb, tab sis ua lub luag haujlwm hauv ntau theem ntawm kev sib xyaw (cua sov, kev lwj, kev sib tsoo, kev nthuav dav) los ntawm txoj kev lub cev thiab txoj kev tshuaj lom neeg. Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov hom hauv qab no:
1. Lub tshuab ua kom nplaim taws tsis txhob kub hnyiab (ntes cov dawb radicals)
Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo tshaj plaws.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus: Thaum cov tshuaj tua hluav taws kub raug rhuav tshem los ntawm cua sov, lawv tuaj yeem tso tawm cov tshuaj nquag (xws li halogen radicals X·), uas yuav "ntxiab" cov H· thiab HO· (hydroxyl pawg) radicals uas tswj cov nplaim taws hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv combustion, yog li lawv qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke poob qis, yog li cuam tshuam cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm combustion.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws xob ib txwm muaj:
Cov tshuaj halogen nplaim taws retardants (bromine, chlorine): ua haujlwm tau zoo, tab sis muaj pa luam yeeb loj thaum lub sijhawm combustion, tej zaum yuav tsim cov pa roj lom corrosive (dioxins, thiab lwm yam), tam sim no txwv rau qee qhov chaw uas muaj kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig siab.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws uas tsis muaj halogen (xws li nitrogen, phosphorus-nitrogen intumescent flame retardants): Cov pa roj uas tsis kub hnyiab xws li ammonia, nitrogen, thiab cov dej ua pa yog tsim los ntawm kev lwj, ua rau cov pa oxygen thiab cov pa roj kub hnyiab, thaum tseem ntes cov free radicals.

2. Cov txheej txheem ua kom nplaim taws sib xyaw ua ke (kev tsim cov txheej carbon)
Lub Ntsiab Cai: Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws tuaj yeem txhawb kev qhuav thiab carbonization ntawm cov polymers ntawm qhov chaw ntawm nplaim taws, tsim cov txheej carbon ntom thiab porous. Cov txheej carbon no ua ntau lub luag haujlwm:
Kev rwb thaiv tsev: Thaiv kev hloov pauv ntawm cov cua sov sab nraud mus rau sab hauv polymer.
Kev thaiv cov pa oxygen: tiv thaiv cov khoom tawg sab hauv kom tsis txhob khiav tawm, thiab tseem cais cov pa oxygen sab nraud kom tsis txhob nkag mus.
Txheej Txheem Tiv Thaiv: Tiv thaiv cov khoom hauv qab ntawm cov dej yaj.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws xob ib txwm muaj:
Cov tshuaj tua hluav taws xob phosphorus: xws li phosphate esters, phosphorus liab. phosphoric acid thiab polymetaphosphic acid yog tsim los ntawm cua sov, uas txhawb nqa kev qhuav ntawm cov polymers oxygenated (xws li PC thiab PET) rau hauv carbon.
Lub tshuab tiv thaiv hluav taws kub (IFR): Nws muaj cov kua qaub, cov pa roj carbon, thiab cov pa roj. Thaum cua sov, nws ua npuas thiab nthuav dav, tsim cov txheej carbon ua npuas uas muaj qhov loj dua li qhov tuab qub ntau npaug, uas muaj kev rwb thaiv tsev zoo heev thiab kev rwb thaiv tsev oxygen, thiab yog cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws kub tsis muaj halogen.

3. Lub tshuab ua kom txias (endothermic cooling)
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus: Qee cov tshuaj tua hluav taws kub nqus tau ntau qhov kub (nqus tau cua sov siab) thaum lwj, yog li txo qhov kub ntawm cov khoom nto thiab ncua cov txheej txheem thermal decomposition ntawm polymers.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws xob ib txwm muaj:
Cov hlau hydroxides: Cov feem ntau siv yog txhuas hydroxide (ATH) thiab magnesium hydroxide (MH). Lawv nqus tau ntau cua sov thaum lawv lwj thiab tso cov dej ua pa, ua rau cov pa roj thiab oxygen uas kub hnyiab tau. Qhov no yog txoj kev tiv thaiv hluav taws uas zoo rau ib puag ncig, tsis muaj pa luam yeeb, tab sis xav tau ntau ntxiv (feem ntau > 50%), uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom.

4. Cov tee dej thiab cov teebmeem dilution
Cov nyhuv ntawm cov tee dej: Qee cov khoom siv (xws li PA6/PA66 uas tsis yog hluav taws kub) yaj thiab ntws sai sai thaum raug cua sov, nqa cua sov mus thiab yog li tiv thaiv cov khoom saum toj no. Tab sis qhov no tsis tuaj yeem tswj tau thiab txaus ntshai vim tias cov tee dej uas yaj tuaj yeem nqa cov nplaim taws los hlawv lwm yam khoom. Lub kaw lus tiv thaiv hluav taws zoo yuav tsum tswj cov tee dej, lossis ua rau lawv tsis kub hnyiab (cov tee dej tsawg tsawg raug tso cai hauv qib V-2, thiab txwv nruj me ntsis hauv qib V-0).
Cov nyhuv dilution: Qhov kev rhuav tshem ntawm cov nplaim taws retardants tsim cov pa roj uas tsis kub hnyiab (xws li cov dej pa, CO₂, N₂, NH₃, thiab lwm yam), diluting qhov concentration ntawm cov pa roj combustible thiab oxygen nyob ib puag ncig cov khoom.