Hoʻolauna i ka ʻōnaehana pale ahi o nā ʻāpana plastik terminal insulating

ʻAʻole kū hoʻokahi ka hopena pale lapalapa o nā ʻāpana plastik, akā he kuleana kona i nā pae like ʻole o ke kuni ʻana (hoʻomehana, palaho, hoʻā ʻana, hoʻolaha ʻana) ma o nā ala kino a me nā kemika. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano hana nui i kēia mau ʻano:
1. ʻO ke ʻano hana pale lapalapa kinoea (hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā radical manuahi)
ʻO kēia kekahi o nā mīkini koʻikoʻi a me ka pono.
Kumumanaʻo: Ke hoʻopau ʻia nā mea pale ahi e ka wela, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokuʻu i nā mea hana (e like me nā radical halogen X·), ka mea e "hoʻopaʻa" i nā radical H· a me HO· (hui hydroxyl) e mālama ana i ka hopena kaulahao lapalapa i ka hopena puhi ʻana, i hāʻule koke ai ko lākou nui, i mea e hoʻopau pono ai i ka hopena kemika o ke ahi.

Nā mea pale ahi maʻamau:
ʻO nā mea pale ahi halogen (bromine, chlorine): ka hana kiʻekiʻe, akā ʻo ka uahi nui i ka wā e puhi ai, hiki ke hana i nā kinoea ʻawahia (dioxins, a pēlā aku), i kaupalena ʻia i kekahi mau kahua me nā koi palekana kaiapuni kiʻekiʻe.
Nā mea pale ahi halogen-ʻole (e like me ka naikokene, phosphorus-nitrogen intumescent flame retardants): Hoʻopuka ʻia nā kinoea ʻaʻole hiki ke kuni e like me ka ammonia, naikokene, a me ka mahu wai e ka decomposition, diluting oxygen a me nā ʻano kinoea hiki ke kuni, me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā radical manuahi.

2. ʻO ke ʻano hana pale lapalapa pae i hoʻopaʻa ʻia (ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka papa kalapona)
Kumumanaʻo: Hiki i nā mea pale ahi ke hoʻoulu i ka maloʻo a me ke kalapona ʻana o nā polymers ma luna o ka lapalapa, e hana ana i kahi papa kalapona mānoanoa a porous. He nui nā kuleana o kēia papa kalapona:
Palekana: Kāohi i ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka wela o waho i ka polymer o loko.
Pale ʻokikene: pale i nā huahana palaho ʻā i loko mai ka pakele ʻana, a hoʻokaʻawale hoʻi i ka ʻokikene o waho mai ke komo ʻana.
Papa pale: Mālama i ka mea ma lalo mai nā kulu heheʻe.
Nā mea pale ahi maʻamau:
Nā mea pale ahi phosphorus: e like me nā esters phosphate, phosphorus ʻulaʻula. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka waikawa phosphoric a me ka waikawa polymetaphosphic e ka wela, kahi e paipai ai i ka maloʻo ʻana o nā polymers oxygenated (e like me PC a me PET) i loko o ke kalapona.
ʻŌnaehana pale lapalapa Intumescent (IFR): Hoʻokumu ʻia ia me ke kumu waikawa, ke kumu kalapona a me ke kumu kinoea. Ke hoʻomehana ʻia, huʻa a hoʻonui ia, e hana ana i kahi papa kalapona huʻa porous i nā manawa he nui aʻe ma mua o ka mānoanoa mua, nona ka hopena insulation thermal maikaʻi loa a me ka hopena insulation oxygen, a ʻo ia ka ʻenehana nui o ka pale lapalapa halogen-free kiʻekiʻe.

3. ʻAno hoʻoluʻu (hoʻoluʻu endothermic)
Kumumanaʻo: Hoʻopili kekahi mau mea pale ahi i ka nui o ka wela (hoʻopili wela kiʻekiʻe) i ka wā e palaho ana, no laila e hoʻemi ana i ka mahana o ka ʻili o ka mea a hoʻopaneʻe i ke kaʻina hana palaho wela o nā polymers.
Nā mea pale ahi maʻamau:
ʻO nā hydroxide metala: ʻO ka mea i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo ia ka alumini hydroxide (ATH) a me ka magnesium hydroxide (MH). Hoʻopili lākou i ka nui o ka wela i ko lākou palaho ʻana a hoʻokuʻu i ka mahu wai, e hoʻoheheʻe ana i nā kinoea lapalapa a me ka oxygen. ʻO kēia ke ʻano hana pale lapalapa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ke kaiapuni, ʻaʻohe uahi, akā koi ʻia ka nui o ka hoʻohui (maʻamau > 50%), hiki ke hoʻopilikia i nā waiwai mechanical a me ke kahe o ka hana ʻana o ka mea.

4. Nā kulu a me nā hopena hoʻoheheʻe
Ka hopena kulu: Hoʻoheheʻe a kahe koke kekahi mau mea (e like me ka PA6/PA66 ʻaʻole e pale aku i ke ahi) i ka wā e hoʻomehana ʻia ai, e lawe aku ana i ka wela a pēlā e pale ai i ka mea ma luna. Akā, he mea hiki ʻole ke kāohi ʻia kēia a he mea weliweli hoʻi no ka mea hiki i nā kulu i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ke lawe i nā lapalapa e hoʻā i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe. Pono kahi ʻōnaehana pale lapalapa maikaʻi e kāohi i nā kulu, a i ʻole e hoʻolilo iā lākou i mea hiki ʻole ke ʻā (ʻae ʻia nā kulu palena ma ka papa V-2, a kaupalena ʻia ma ka papa V-0).
Ka hopena hoʻoheheʻe: ʻO ka palaho ʻana o nā mea pale ahi e hoʻopuka i nā kinoea ʻaʻole hiki ke puhi (e like me ka mahu wai, CO₂, N₂, NH₃, a pēlā aku), e hoʻoheheʻe ana i ka nui o nā kinoea hiki ke puhi a me ka oxygen a puni ka mea.