Okwu Mmalite nke Usoro Mgbochi Ọkụ nke Ihe Ndị Na-egbochi Mkpuchi Plastik

Mmetụta nke ihe ndị e ji plastik mee ka ọkụ ghara ịdị iche, kama ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ọkwa dị iche iche nke ọkụ (kpoo ọkụ, ire ere, ịgba ọkụ, ịgbasa) site na ụzọ anụ ahụ na nke kemịkalụ. Enwere ike kewaa usoro ndị bụ isi n'ime ụdị ndị a:
1. Usoro ihe na-egbochi ọkụ nke gas (ịdọta radicals efu)
Nke a bụ otu n'ime usoro kachasị mkpa ma dị irè.
Ụkpụrụ: Mgbe okpomọkụ gbawara ihe ndị na-egbochi ire ọkụ, ha nwere ike ịhapụ ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ (dị ka halogen radicals X·), nke ga-eme ka "ọnyà" radicals H· na HO· (hydroxyl group) nke na-ejigide mmeghachi omume nke ire ọkụ na mmeghachi omume ọkụ, nke na-eme ka njupụta ha belata nke ukwuu, ka e wee kwụsị mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ nke ọkụ.

Ihe ndị na-egbochi ire ọkụ nkịtị:
Ihe ndị na-egbochi ọkụ halogen (bromine, chlorine): arụmọrụ dị elu, mana nnukwu anwụrụ ọkụ n'oge ọkụ, nwere ike imepụta gas na-egbu egbu (dioxins, wdg), nke a na-ebelata ugbu a n'ebe ụfọdụ nwere oke mkpa nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi.
Ihe ndị na-egbochi ire ọkụ nke na-enweghị halogen (dịka nitrogen, phosphorus-nitrogen intumescent flame retardants): A na-emepụta gas ndị na-anaghị ere ọkụ dịka ammonia, nitrogen, na uzu mmiri site na mmebi, na-agwakọta oxygen na oke gas ndị na-ere ọkụ, ebe ha na-ejidekwa radicals efu.

2. Usoro ihe mgbochi ire ọkụ nke agbakọtara agbakọ (mmepụta oyi akwa carbon)
Ụkpụrụ: Ihe ndị na-egbochi ire ọkụ nwere ike ịkwalite mmiri ịkpọ nkụ na kabonịsị nke polima n'elu ire ọkụ ahụ, na-emepụta oyi akwa kabon dị oke ma nwee oghere. Oyi akwa kabon a na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche:
Mkpuchi: Na-egbochi nnyefe nke okpomọkụ mpụga gaa na polymer dị n'ime.
Ihe mgbochi ikuku oxygen: gbochie ngwaahịa ire ere dị n'ime ka ọ ghara ịpụta, ma kewapụkwa ikuku oxygen dị n'èzí ka ọ ghara ịbanye.
Ihe mgbochi: Na-echebe ihe dị n'okpuru site na mmiri mmiri gbazere agbaze.
Ihe ndị na-egbochi ire ọkụ nkịtị:
Ihe ndị na-egbochi ire ọkụ nke phosphorus: dịka phosphate esters, red phosphorus. A na-emepụta phosphoric acid na polymetaphosphic acid site na okpomọkụ, nke na-akwalite mmiri mmiri nke polima ndị nwere oxygen (dịka PC na PET) ka ha ghọọ carbon.
Sistemụ ihe na-egbochi ọkụ ọkụ (IFR): Ọ bụ isi iyi asịd, isi iyi carbon na isi iyi gas mejupụtara ya. Mgbe ọ na-ekpo ọkụ, ọ na-afụ ụfụfụ ma gbasaa, na-emepụta oyi akwa carbon ụfụfụ nwere oghere okpukpu iri na abụọ karịa ọkpụrụkpụ mbụ ya, nke nwere ezigbo mkpuchi okpomọkụ na mmetụta mkpuchi oxygen, ọ bụkwa teknụzụ bụ isi nke ihe na-egbochi ọkụ ọkụ na-enweghị halogen dị elu.

3. Usoro oyi (mkpọda endothermic)
Ụkpụrụ: Ụfọdụ ihe na-egbochi ire ọkụ na-amịkọrọ nnukwu okpomọkụ (oke mmịpụta okpomọkụ) mgbe ha na-ere ere, si otú a na-ebelata okpomọkụ nke elu ihe ahụ ma na-egbu oge usoro mmebi okpomọkụ nke polima.
Ihe ndị na-egbochi ire ọkụ nkịtị:
Haịdọksịị Ígwè: Ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ aluminum hydroxide (ATH) na magnesium hydroxide (MH). Ha na-amịkọrọ oke okpomọkụ ka ha na-agbaze ma na-ewepụta uzuoku mmiri, na-agbaze gas na oxygen ndị na-ere ọkụ. Nke a bụ ụzọ kachasị mma maka gburugburu ebe obibi, nke na-anaghị ekpo ọkụ, mana ọ chọrọ nnukwu mgbakwunye (na-abụkarị > 50%), nke nwere ike imetụta ihe ndị dị na igwe na nhazi mmiri nke ihe ahụ.

4. Mmetụta ntapụ mmiri na mmetụta mgbaze
Mmetụta ntapụ mmiri: Ụfọdụ ihe (dịka ihe na-anaghị ebelata ọkụ PA6/PA66) na-agbaze ma na-atapụ ngwa ngwa mgbe a na-ekpo ọkụ, na-ebuga okpomọkụ ma si otú a na-echebe ihe dị n'elu. Mana nke a enweghị ike ịchịkwa ma dị ize ndụ n'ihi na ntapụ mmiri gbazere agbaze nwere ike ibu ọkụ iji gbaa ihe ndị ọzọ ọkụ. Sistemụ nchekwa ọkụ dị mma kwesịrị igbochi ntapụ mmiri, ma ọ bụ mee ka ha ghara ire ọkụ (a na-ekwe ka ntapụ mmiri dị oke na ọkwa V-2, ma kpachara anya na ọkwa V-0).
Mmetụta nke ịgbaze ihe: Mbibi nke ihe ndị na-egbochi ire ọkụ na-emepụta gas ndị na-anaghị ere ọkụ (dịka uzuoku mmiri, CO₂, N₂, NH₃, wdg), na-ebelata mkpokọta gas na oxygen gburugburu ihe ahụ.