Selelekela sa Mokhoa o Sireletsang Mollo oa Likarolo tsa Plastiki tsa Terminal tse Sireletsang Mollo
Tšusumetso ea ho thibela malakabe ea likarolo tsa polasetiki ha e ikhethoe, empa e bapala karolo mekhahlelong e fapaneng ea ho tuka (ho futhumatsa, ho bola, ho hotetsa, ho ata) ka litsela tsa 'mele le tsa lik'hemik'hale. Mekhoa e meholo e ka aroloa ka mefuta e latelang:
1. Mokhoa o thibelang lelakabe la mokhahlelo oa khase (ho tšoasa li-free radicals)
Ena ke e 'ngoe ea mekhoa ea bohlokoa le e sebetsang hantle.
Molao-motheo: Ha lintho tse thibelang malakabe li bola ka lebaka la mocheso, li ka lokolla lintho tse sebetsang (tse kang halogen radicals X·), tse tla "tšoasa" H· le HO· (hydroxyl group) radicals tse bolokang karabelo ea ketane ea malakabe karabelong ea ho tuka, hoo mahloriso a tsona a theohelang ka matla, e le ho sitisa karabelo ea lik'hemik'hale ea ho tuka ka katleho.
Lintho tse tloaelehileng tse thibelang malakabe:
Di-halogen retardants (bromine, chlorine): bokgoni bo phahameng, empa mosi o moholo nakong ya ho tuka, di ka hlahisa dikgase tse chefo tse senyang (dioxin, jj.), tse seng di ntse di lekanyeditswe masimong a mang ka ditlhoko tse phahameng tsa tshireletso ya tikoloho.
Dikhase tse thibelang malakabe tse se nang halogen (tse kang naetrojene, phosphorus-nitrogen tse thibelang malakabe a intumescent): Dikhase tse sa tjheseng tse kang ammonia, naetrojene le mouoane wa metsi di hlahiswa ke ho bola, ho qhibidihisa oksijene le mahloriso a khase a tjhesang, ha ka nako e ts'oanang di tshwasa di-free radicals.
2. Mokhoa oa ho thibela lelakabe la mokhahlelo o kobehileng (ho thehoa ha lera la khabone)
Molao-motheo: Lintho tse thibelang malakabe li ka khothalletsa ho felloa ke metsi 'meleng le ho kenngoa ha carbon ha li-polymer holim'a malakabe, tsa etsa lera la carbon le teteaneng le nang le masoba. Lera lena la carbon le bapala mesebetsi e mengata:
Ho thibela mocheso: Ho thibela phetiso ea mocheso oa kantle ho ea ho polymer ea kahare.
Thibelo ea oksijene: thibela lihlahisoa tse ka chesoang ka hare hore li se ke tsa tsoa, 'me hape li arola oksijene ea kantle hore e se ke ea kena.
Lera la thibelo: E sireletsa thepa e ka tlase ho marotholi a qhibilihang.
Lintho tse tloaelehileng tse thibelang malakabe:
Lintho tse thibelang malakabe a phosphorus: tse kang li-ester tsa phosphate, phosphorus e khubelu. phosphoric acid le polymetaphosphor acid li thehoa ke mocheso, o khothalletsang ho felloa ke metsi ha li-polymer tse nang le oksijene (tse kang PC le PET) hore e be carbon.
Sistimi e thibelang malakabe a ka hare ho modumo (IFR): E entsoe ka mohloli oa asiti, mohloli oa khabone le mohloli oa khase. Ha e futhumatsoa, e etsa foam le ho atoloha, e etsa lera la khabone la foam le nang le masoba ka makhetlo a mangata le leholo ho feta botenya ba pele, le nang le tšireletso e ntle ea mocheso le phello ea ho thibela oksijene, 'me ke theknoloji e kholo ea thibelo ea malakabe e se nang halogen ea maemo a holimo.
3. Mokhoa oa ho pholisa (ho pholisa ha endothermic)
Molao-motheo: Lintho tse ling tse thibelang malakabe li monya mocheso o mongata (ho monya mocheso o phahameng) ha li bola, ka hona li fokotsa mocheso oa bokaholimo ba thepa le ho liehisa ts'ebetso ea ho bola ha li-polymer ka mocheso.
Lintho tse tloaelehileng tse thibelang malakabe:
Li-hydroxide tsa tšepe: Tse sebelisoang haholo ke aluminium hydroxide (ATH) le magnesium hydroxide (MH). Li monya mocheso o mongata ha li ntse li bola le ho ntša mouoane oa metsi, li fokotsa likhase tse tukang le oksijene. Ena ke mokhoa o sireletsang tikoloho ka ho fetisisa, o se nang mosi, empa o hloka ho eketsoa ho hoholo (hangata > 50%), e leng se ka amang thepa ea mechini le ho phalla ha thepa.
4. Marotholi le litlamorao tsa ho qhibiliha
Tšusumetso ea marotholi: Lintho tse ling (tse kang PA6/PA66 e sa thibeleng malakabe) lia qhibiliha le ho rotha kapele ha li futhumatsoa, li nka mocheso 'me kahoo li sireletsa thepa e ka holimo. Empa sena ha se laolehe ebile se kotsi hobane marotholi a qhibilihisitsoeng a ka jara malakabe ho hotetsa likarolo tse ling. Sistimi e ntle ea ho thibela malakabe e lokela ho thibela marotholi, kapa ho a etsa hore a se ke a tuka (marotholi a lekanyelitsoeng a lumelloa sehlopheng sa V-2, 'me a lekanyelitsoe ka tieo sehlopheng sa V-0).
Tšusumetso ea ho qhibiliha: Ho bola ha lintho tse thibelang malakabe ho hlahisa likhase tse sa cheseng (tse kang mouoane oa metsi, CO₂, N₂, NH₃, jj.), ho fokotsa bongata ba likhase tse tukang le oksijene ho potoloha thepa.